Facing its toughest electoral test since 1994, the African National Congress (ANC) is quietly preparing seismic shifts in strategy that could reshape South Africa’s political landscape, senior party figures have revealed.
With polls showing the ANC’s support potentially dipping below 50% nationally, the liberation movement-turned-governing party is weighing previously taboo options—including formal coalition partnerships, a complete overhaul of its scandal-plagued candidate selection process, and structural reforms to curb factional dominance.
Breaking With Liberation-Era Politics
“For the first time, we’re seriously discussing coalition scenarios—not just as contingency plans, but as potential long-term realignments,” a high-ranking National Executive Committee (NEC) member told The Breakdown, speaking anonymously due to the sensitivity of discussions.
The deliberations mark a stark departure for a party that has governed outright for three decades, where even internal debates about power-sharing were once considered heresy. The shift comes as the ANC confronts a perfect storm:
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Crumbling Trust: Recent IPSOS polls show only 38% of South Africans trust the ANC, down from 62% in 2011
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Urban Erosion: The party lost control of key metros like Johannesburg and Tshwane in 2021
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Generation Gap: 58% of voters under 35 view the ANC as “out of touch,” per Social Research Foundation data
Radical Reforms on the Table
Multiple NEC insiders confirm three paradigm-breaking proposals gaining traction:
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Municipal Coalitions: Formalizing partnerships with smaller parties rather than unstable ad-hoc arrangements
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Candidate Vetting: Removing compromised leaders through independent integrity checks—bypassing branch delegates notorious for selling nominations
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Leadership Term Limits: Imposing caps on top positions to prevent prolonged factional control
“Imagine an ANC where you can’t just buy your way onto candidate lists,” mused a provincial chairperson. “That’s the level of change we’re debating.”
The Zuma Factor
The party’s dilemma is compounded by former President Jacob Zuma’s MK Party siphoning off traditional ANC voters in KwaZulu-Natal. Internal polling suggests this splinter group could cost the ANC 8-12 parliamentary seats—potentially pushing the party below the 50% threshold.
Political analyst Professor Richard Calland notes: “The ANC faces a trilemma—it must simultaneously regain the middle class’s trust, retain its rural base, and prevent further elite defections. No party has ever pulled that off in democratic history.”
Ramaphosa’s High-Stakes Gamble
President Cyril Ramaphosa is reportedly advocating for “controlled renewal,” balancing reformist demands with party traditionalists. His allies have floated a “New ANC Compact” that would:
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Reserve 30% of parliamentary seats for technocrats
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Introduce US-style primary elections for mayoral candidates
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Partner with business to audit government deployments
But skeptics abound. “This is panic masquerading as strategy,” warned an ANC Veterans’ League member. “You can’t fix 30 years of rot six months before an election.”
The Opposition’s Opportunity
The DA has already launched attack ads framing the ANC’s soul-searching as proof of impending collapse, while the EFF is courting disgruntled ANC branches. “They’re harvesting our mistakes,” admitted an ANC regional secretary in Limpopo.
As the May 29 election approaches, the ANC’s existential question remains: Can a liberation party reform fast enough to survive as a democratic competitor? The answer will redefine South African politics for generations.
